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15:17:02","被告人在法庭上穿什么？坐哪里？","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F16\u002F864b15f0-7651-4b2b-a72e-a5b6678b2045.png","\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">走上法庭的那一刻，当事人的衣着与坐席，就是“无罪推定”的第一道防线。成安律师结合近30年刑辩实务，深度解析庭审物理环境如何作用于法官心证，并为家属与律师提供一份守护当事人庭审尊严的实操指南。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">很多家属在看守所外苦等了几个月，直到开庭那天，才终于在法庭上见到了日思夜想的亲人。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">但仅仅一眼，许多家属的心理防线就瞬间崩溃了。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">原本精明体面的一个人，剃着短寸、面容憔悴，缩在松垮破旧的衣服里，被法警押进法庭中央的栅栏内，有些甚至在落座受审时仍戴着手铐。还没等公诉人宣读起诉书，那种扑面而来的“罪犯感”，就已经把人压得抬不起头。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">作为一名执业近30年的刑事律师，我见过太多这样的场景。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">很多人以为，被告人上法庭穿什么衣服、坐在哪个位置，只是走个过场的程序小事，案件最终只看证据。但近30年的办案经验告诉我：庭审的视觉呈现，从当事人迈入法庭的第一秒起，就已经在悄然影响裁判者的心理天平，甚至直接关系到辩护权的实质行使。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>01\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>从“黄马甲”到“便装出庭”，一件衣服背后的法治破冰\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">在2015年以前，国内绝大多数刑事被告人出庭时，都是剃着光头、套着看守所的识别服（俗称“号服”或“黄马甲”），戴着手铐坐在法庭中央的铁笼或栅栏里。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">打破这一惯例的催化剂，是十多年前一场备受关注的庭审。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">在2014年底开庭审理的江西南昌大学原校长周文斌案中，出庭受审的周文斌发现自己套着看守所的橘黄色马甲，与法庭上其他身着制服或正装的人员格格不入，给人一种强烈的“自带原罪”感。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">在2015年1月的庭审中，周文斌当庭提出抗议：为什么电视上那些落马官员和娱乐明星受审时都能穿便装，而自己却必须穿着这样的“黄马甲”？在要求更换服装未果后，他索性当庭自行脱下了号服，坚持穿便装受审。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">这就是轰动一时的“当庭脱号服”事件。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">就在这一事件发生一个多月后，2015年2月，最高人民法院与公安部联合下发《关于刑事被告人或上诉人出庭受审时着装问题的通知》，明确规定：人民法院开庭时，刑事被告人或上诉人不再穿着看守所的识别服出庭受审；看守所应当将穿着正装或便装的在押人员移交法院。该通知特别强调，穿正装或便装出庭，既不需要当事人主动申请，也不需要任何机构或个人批准。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">2016年修订施行的《中华人民共和国人民法院法庭规则》第十三条进一步将此确立为刚性规范：刑事在押被告人或上诉人出庭受审时，着正装或便装，不着监管机构的识别服。人民法院在庭审活动中不得对被告人或上诉人使用戒具，但认为其人身危险性大，可能危害法庭安全的除外。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">至此，延续数十年的“穿囚服受审”正式退出了历史舞台。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F16\u002Fb3906ced-3c35-4343-b127-84c2a168fe80.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>02\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>为什么穿什么、坐哪里，能悄然左右案件的走向？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">为什么一件衣服、一副手铐这么重要，乃至于最高司法机关要专门发文予以规范？\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">因为我国《刑事诉讼法》第十二条写着现代法治最核心的基石之一：“未经人民法院依法判决，对任何人都不得确定有罪。”\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">这就是无罪推定原则。既然被告人在法院作出生效有罪判决前，在法律上仍属于无罪之人，那么法庭的物理环境与视觉符号，就绝不能让他看上去“已经是个罪犯”。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">法官和人民陪审员也是普通人，同样难以完全免疫“第一印象”的心理暗示。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">在我们卓安律师团队中，有一位曾任中级人民法院刑庭副庭长、并曾借调最高人民法院参与刑事庭审规程起草的前法官。他曾坦言：当一个人穿着带有强烈监管烙印的衣服、神情局促地站在栅栏后面时，哪怕裁判者在理智上不断提醒自己“无罪推定”，潜意识里也很难真正把他当成一个完全平等的诉讼主体来倾听。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">这种心理暗示在实务中是极其微妙且致命的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">以我们常办的企业家涉经济犯罪或职务犯罪案件为例：如果当事人胡子拉碴、穿着看守所里洗得发黄变形的旧T恤、踩着看守所的塑料拖鞋或简陋布鞋走上法庭，整个人透着一股颓败与狼狈，那么当他在法庭上陈述复杂的“商业逻辑”或“正常经营行为”时，其话语的分量与可信度就会在无形中打折。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">相反，如果他换上一身合体平整的便装或正装，干净清爽、不卑不亢地坐在那里，他的精神面貌本身就在向法庭传递一个强烈信号——“我是一个守规矩的经营者，我在严肃、体面地为自己作无罪或罪轻辩护。”\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">正如美国联邦最高法院在经典的“埃斯特尔诉威廉姆斯案”中所指出的：被告人的服装很可能在整个审判过程中持续产生不当影响；大法官布伦南亦在该案中深刻阐明，可识别的囚服不仅剥夺了被告人与其他审判参与者同等的尊严，更会在裁判者眼中给他打上一种明确的“犯罪标记”，从而侵蚀无罪推定的根基。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>03\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>号服脱掉了，但那个孤立的“囚笼”为什么还在？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">相比于已经明令解决的“去号服化”，法庭上的“坐席位置”，则是我国刑事司法改革中一块尚未完全啃下的硬骨头。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">在当今大多数法治发达国家和地区，让被告人与辩护律师并肩或邻座受审，早已是通行惯例：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>在德国、韩国的刑事法庭，被告人席直接设置在辩护律师席旁（位于法官台一侧，与检察官席面对面），以此强化辩护方的整体性，保障被告人在庭审中随时与律师低声沟通的实质辩护权；\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>在美国、日本的刑事法庭，同样强调“控辩平等武装”与平面化对抗，美国刑事正式庭审中，被告人无论是否处于羁押状态，通常均与辩护律师同坐于辩护席，防范任何不当的视觉孤立污染裁判心证。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">而在我国，传统的刑事法庭一直沿用“法官居中高坐、控辩两侧相对、被告人单独居于法庭中央”的“四方格”布局。中国社会科学院法学研究所研究员刘仁文曾指出：将被告人席单独居中的传统设置，明显带有暗示被告人“有罪”的意味；被告人依然被视为“审问对象”，孤立的被告席更像一种提前施加的惩罚工具，让被告人一进入法庭，就陷入强烈的羞辱、自卑与心理压迫之中。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">事实上，国内司法机关并非没有意识到这一问题。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">早在上世纪末至本世纪初，我国各地法院在审理未成年人刑事案件时，便推行了“圆桌审判”（或U型台布局），撤掉铁笼与栅栏，让法官、检察官、辩护人、法定代理人与未成年被告人围坐一桌，极大地消除了法庭的压迫感。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">而在成年人刑事审判中，2014年，河南新郑法院在审理一起刑事案件时，也曾尝试打破传统的“四方格”布局：开庭前，法警不仅让被告人脱去黄色号服、解下手铐，还在审判长指令下，将其直接引导至辩护律师身旁并肩就座。这场中国司法史上首次由基层法院在刑事普通程序中让被告人与律师“同桌受审”的实践，一度拉开了国内法庭坐席由“四方格”变“三角形”的试验序幕，此后浙江宁波镇海等地法院也曾跟进试点。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">遗憾的是，十多年过去，“与律师同桌受审”至今仍停留在局部探索阶段，尚未在全国成年人刑事法庭中普及。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">作为长期奋战在一线的刑辩律师，我比任何人都清楚那个“孤立席位”对庭审实质化的伤害：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">被告人本人，才是辩护方真正的主角。在高强度的庭审对抗中，当事人独自坐在法庭中央，直面公诉人的凌厉讯问与各方审视，极易产生高度紧张甚至大脑空白。有时公诉人抛出一个关乎定罪量刑的关键问题，或者当事人突然想起一个能反驳指控的重要细节，他哪怕想转头跟几米外的辩护律师商量一句，受限于法庭空间隔离与法庭纪律，都是不可能完成的任务。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">而本该为他提供即时法律帮助的辩护律师，也无法随时附耳提醒，只能在公诉人讯问完毕后，经审判长许可，“隔空”向自己的当事人发问——在视觉和空间上，辩护律师甚至被迫成了“合作审问”的一方。辩护方的整体性一旦在物理空间上被割裂，庭审的实质对抗与防卫效果便会大打折扣。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>04\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>走上法庭前，家属和律师如何帮当事人守住尊严底线？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">虽然我们无法在一朝一夕间改变所有法庭的建筑布局，但在现行法律框架下，尽力为当事人争取最大的体面与程序公正，依然大有可为。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">结合日常办案经验，我向所有涉案当事人家属与刑辩同行提出以下三点实操建议：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>第一，家属送衣：既要合体得体，更要懂看守所的“安检规矩”\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr>开庭前，家属应配合律师为在押当事人准备好合身的便装或正装，千万不要让当事人穿着看守所里破旧或印有监管标识的衣物出庭。在准备衣物时，有两个极易被忽视的实务细节：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>严守安检红线\u003C\u002Fstrong>：通过看守所日常窗口送入监室的衣物，\u003Cstrong>绝对不能带有金属配件、拉链、抽绳、皮带以及任何材质的纽扣（包括硬塑料扣，防止被磨尖自伤或吞食）\u003C\u002Fstrong>。否则看守所出于监管安全会直接拒收，或剪掉抽绳与扣子，导致衣服无法穿着。日常送衣建议优先选择挺括合身的纯色圆领\u002FV领套头针织衫、无扣翻领套头衫，搭配松紧腰无扣休闲长裤；若因案件重大确需穿带扣衬衫、西装或夹克出庭，则不能走日常监室送衣通道，需提前通过辩护律师向看守所或承办法官、法警队申请，作为“开庭专用衣物”在提押出庭前专门换穿。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>色彩与版型选择\u003C\u002Fstrong>：避开过于刺眼的亮色、浮夸的图案，同时避免全身纯黑带来的沉重压抑感，优先选择藏青、浅灰、米白、浅蓝等色调。这类色彩在视觉心理学上最能传递沉稳、理智与诚恳的信号。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>第二，律师履职：把着装与戒具的沟通工作做在开庭前\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr>穿便装出庭、在庭审活动中原则上不使用戒具，是《中华人民共和国人民法院法庭规则》第十三条赋予被告人或上诉人的法定权利。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>庭前主动沟通优于当庭抗议\u003C\u002Fstrong>：对于非暴力犯罪或明显不具有人身危险性的案件，辩护律师最好在庭前会议或开庭前一天，主动与承办法官、法警沟通，提前确认当事人的着装更换安排，并依法申请在庭审活动中解除手铐等戒具。把工作做在前面，既能顺畅解决问题，又能避免当庭交锋引发不必要的审辩对立。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>当庭温和而坚定地维权\u003C\u002Fstrong>：若开庭时发现当事人仍违规穿着看守所识别服，或在无明显人身危险性的情况下仍被佩戴手铐受审，辩护律师应当在法庭调查开始前，依法向审判长提出异议，明确援引《人民法院法庭规则》第十三条申请当庭纠正，用法律武器帮当事人挺直腰杆。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u003Cstrong>第三，庭前辅导：帮当事人做好心理建设与微表情管理\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr>在开庭前的最后一次看守所会见中，除了核对庭审发问提纲，律师一定要对当事人进行出庭礼仪与心理辅导：\u003Cbr>提醒当事人步入法庭时步伐稳健，不要因急于寻找旁听席上的家属而东张西望（极易招致法警训斥，瞬间破坏心理状态）；落座后保持腰板挺直，倾听公诉人宣读起诉书或回答讯问时，切忌出现抖腿、频繁搓手、冷笑或双手抱胸等动作——这些不经意的肢体语言，在裁判者眼中极易被解读为心理防备过重、态度轻佻或缺乏敬畏。唯有神态专注、表达清晰、不卑不亢，才能让自己的辩解获得最大的尊重。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">意大利刑法学家贝卡利亚在《论犯罪与刑罚》中写过：“在法官判决之前，一个人是不能被称为罪犯的。”\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">当事人在法庭上穿什么、坐在哪里，看起来是程序的细枝末节，但正是这些细节，定义了司法对待一个具体的人的方式。同时，我也始终怀着强烈的期待与呼吁：希望在不久的将来，我们的每一个刑事法庭都能真正撤掉中央孤立的被告席，让当事人坐到辩护律师身边，彻底撕掉身上的“有罪”标签。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">当一个人穿着得体的便装，不戴戒具，不再被关在冰冷的“囚笼”里，而是与自己的辩护律师并肩而坐时，其实是法庭在用行动告诉他：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">你虽然被指控，但你还没有被定罪；你有权与你的辩护律师站在一起，你值得被有尊严地对待。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\">我想，这才是现代法治应该拥有的底色。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: justify;\"> \u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F16\u002Fd18be8fd-148c-4b44-aca4-2ec21b7d52a5.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>专注刑事，更专注人的价值——卓安律师事务所24小时刑事急救电话：18884125005\u003Cbr>地址：四川省成都市高新区天府二街138号蜀都中心1期1号楼19楼\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-10-16 15:15:56",{"id":40,"createdAt":27,"updatedAt":27,"deleted":31,"code":405,"name":406,"icon":407,"sort":40,"status":6,"seoTitle":10,"seoDescription":10,"seoKeywords":10},"regulation","行业分类","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F07\u002F14\u002F6090a22a-a741-4cbb-b6b7-164e2b87af4d.png",{"title":409,"description":410,"keywords":32,"canonical":411,"image":401,"jsonLd":412},"被告人在法庭上穿什么？坐哪里？ - 行业分类 | 四川卓安律师事务所","走上法庭的那一刻，当事人的衣着与坐席，就是“无罪推定”的第一道防线。成安律师结合近30年刑辩实务，深度解析庭审物理环境如何作用于法官心证，并为家属与律师提供一份守护当事人庭审尊严的实操指南。 很多家属在看守所外苦等了几个月，直到开庭那天，才终于在法庭上见到了日思夜想的亲人。 但仅仅一眼，许多家属的心理防线就瞬间崩溃了。","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fregulation\u002F862",[413],{"@context":354,"@graph":414},[415,422],{"@type":416,"@id":411,"url":411,"headline":400,"description":410,"datePublished":417,"dateModified":418,"author":419,"publisher":420,"articleSection":406,"inLanguage":359,"image":421},"NewsArticle","2026-10-16T15:15:56+08:00","2026-10-16T15:17:02+08:00",{"@id":361},{"@id":361},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F16\u002F864b15f0-7651-4b2b-a72e-a5b6678b2045.png",{"@type":423,"itemListElement":424},"BreadcrumbList",[425,428,430],{"@type":426,"position":6,"name":427,"item":351},"ListItem","首页",{"@type":426,"position":38,"name":406,"item":429},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fregulation",{"@type":426,"position":35,"name":400,"item":411}]