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10:20:12","【卓安解答】我在深圳开小额贷款公司，客户都签了字，逾期催收怎么就被当成“套路贷”涉黑来处理了？","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F16\u002F58455963-eb8b-4de9-86d9-d011df6db16a.png","\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F16\u002Fd1b6dfbd-3ef4-4d9e-b454-0d62e6184eb5.png\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Ffile:\u002F\u002F\u002FC:\\Users\\123\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ksohtml22056\\wps33.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003Cem>发布时间：2026年10月16日\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003Cem>主题方向：涉黑涉恶\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003Cem>发布机构：卓安（深圳）律师事务所刑事辩护委员会·涉黑涉恶犯罪辩护部\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>一、先给结论\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">我在深圳宝安做小额贷款和助贷，公司二十来号人，主要做信用贷和小额抵押，合同、利率、服务费都写在纸上，客户当面签字按手印。前阵子有几笔逾期，贷后团队按流程打电话催了几轮，又委托外面的催收公司跟进。没想到上个月公安以“套路贷”涉黑线索把我们几个股东带走核查，反复问合同怎么签的、钱怎么放的、账怎么催的。合同是双方自愿签的，钱也确实借出去了，这怎么就成了涉黑？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">先把结论说清楚：民间借贷本身受法律保护，债权人主张真实存在的债权，不会仅仅因为收了利息、做了催收就被当成涉黑涉恶。真正把一门借贷生意推向“套路贷”的，是三件事——签约时有没有虚构事实、隐瞒真相，让借款人基于错误认识交出财物；放款时有没有以砍头息、服务费、保证金的名义虚增债务、制造虚假给付痕迹；催收时有没有以暴力、威胁，或者电话轰炸、P图群发这类软暴力手段，形成对借款人的人身或者心理强制。这三件事只要有一样成立，案件的性质就会从民事纠纷变成刑事指控；如果还伴随多人分工、按回款考核、针对不特定对象反复实施，就可能被评价为恶势力，甚至黑社会性质组织。卓安（深圳）律师事务所在大湾区办理金融放贷类涉黑涉恶案件时，通常把债权是否真实、利率与费用是否透明、催收手段是否越界作为审查的第一道关口，先把民事借贷与刑事犯罪切开，把确实属于民事纠纷的部分逐项从指控中剥离出去，再谈责任范围的认定与收窄。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">2026年这一轮专项斗争把“套路贷”、高利放贷和软暴力催收列入重点打击领域。深圳金融机构密集、小贷与助贷机构数量多、资金往来频繁，这类线索的核查一直在持续推进。针对小额贷款、助贷与贷后催收从业者问得比较集中的五个问题，卓安（深圳）律师事务所结合多年办理涉黑涉恶与金融类刑事案件的经验逐一解答。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>二、作为小额贷款与金融放贷经营者，面对“套路贷”涉黑风险重点关注的五个核心问题\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题一：合同里写明的利息、服务费和违约金，逾期了我们按合同扣款，怎么就成“套路贷”了？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（深圳）律师事务所解答：看的是合同背后有没有“虚”，而不是合同上写了什么。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">《刑法》本身并没有“套路贷”这个罪名。它是对以非法占有为目的、假借民间借贷之名实施犯罪的概括表述，实践中通常按诈骗罪、敲诈勒索罪、非法拘禁罪等罪名评价，情节严重的还会被作为恶势力或者黑社会性质组织审查。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">区分正常借贷与“套路贷”，落脚点在三处：一是借款关系是否真实，有没有虚增债务、制造虚假给付痕迹；二是利率、服务费、违约金有没有把借款人的负担推高到根本不具备履行可能的程度；三是有没有以保证金、砍头息的名义预先扣除，让实际到手金额远低于合同金额。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">提醒一句：合同写得再清楚，只要资金流向和实际交付对不上，纸面上的“自愿”就站不住。反过来，如果转账凭证、还款记录、沟通记录能一一对应，合同本身就是有力的证据。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题二：把逾期账委托给外包催收公司，他们用了电话轰炸、P图群发，责任为什么会追到我们公司？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（深圳）律师事务所解答：关键不在有没有委托，而在委托之后有没有放任。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">2021年《刑法修正案（十一）》新增催收非法债务罪，把以暴力、胁迫，限制人身自由，或者恐吓、跟踪、骚扰等方式催收高利放款等非法债务、情节严重的行为单独入罪。这是催收行为第一次被单独立罪，也是本轮扫黑把软暴力催收列为重点的原因。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">如果催收的是真实合法的债务，但手段已经扰乱社会秩序，实践中可能落到寻衅滋事；如果催收中获取、使用、传播了借款人及其亲友的通讯录和个人信息，还可能涉及侵犯公民个人信息罪。这类案件里，罪名往往叠加。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">发包方要不要负责，看有没有事前通谋、事中放任、事后分成。委托合同里写了不得使用违法手段，却对明显越界的催收不闻不问；或者按催回金额与外包公司结算并额外获利，这些情形容易被认为存在共同故意。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题三：公司按回款提成考核，业务员自己去恐吓债务人，怎么就被认定成“恶势力犯罪集团”了？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（深圳）律师事务所解答：责任判断看有没有共同故意和组织行为，也看考核制度有没有把越界变成公司的要求。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">恶势力，是指经常纠集在一起，以暴力、威胁或者其他手段，在一定区域或者行业内多次实施违法犯罪活动，为非作恶、欺压百姓，造成较为恶劣的社会影响，但尚未形成黑社会性质组织的违法犯罪组织。个案中主要看三点：纠集是否稳定、行为是否多次、是否属于为非作恶欺压群众。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">考核指标本身不是罪证。但提成规则如果事实上只奖励催得回来的结果，对越界手段既不设禁止也不作惩戒，甚至默许业绩至上，这套制度就会成为认定组织、指挥的现成证据，也是公司负责人被一并追究的常见原因。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">反过来看，如果越界是某个业务员的个人行为，公司事先不知情、事后有制止和处理的记录，这部分责任原则上到不了公司。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题四：客户是自愿签约的，我们也只是正常主张债权，办案机关到底看哪些材料来认定“套路贷”涉黑？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（深圳）律师事务所解答：办案机关主要盯五类材料，这几类在卷宗里容易被串成一条完整的证据链。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">合同与放款凭证。合同金额与实际到账金额是否一致，有没有以服务费、保证金名义预先扣除。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">资金流水。放款、还款、转贷的每一笔走向，是否存在过桥平账、以贷还贷制造虚假给付痕迹。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">催收记录。通话录音、短信微信、上门记录、外包催收工单，能否还原每一次催收的时间与手段。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">人员与考核。谁定的规则、谁排的班、提成怎么算、外包怎么结算，直接指向有没有组织、指挥。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">借款人陈述。报案人的陈述、同案人的供述能否与其他证据相互印证，有无明显矛盾。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题五：做小贷、助贷和不良资产处置的，怎么把正常业务和“套路贷”涉黑彻底切开？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（深圳）律师事务所解答：把“自愿”和“透明”两个字做实，同时把外包和考核两条线管住。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">具体可以从这几件事做起：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">把利率和费用摊开。合同里逐项列明利息、服务费与违约金，综合成本控制在法律保护的范围内，不做砍头息。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">把资金走向留痕。放款与还款都走公司账户，不用现金、不走私人账户制造虚假流水。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">把外包催收管住。合同明确禁止违法催收，保留定期检查与投诉处理记录，发现越界立即终止合作。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">把考核指标改掉。不以回款金额作为唯一指标，对违法催收设置一票否决与内部追责机制。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">把个人信息守住。催收中获取的通讯录与身份信息只用于依法催告，不扩散、不群发、不二次使用。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>· \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">一旦被谈话或者被核查，立即停止相关催收动作，不删记录、不改台账、不让相关方统一口径，尽早让刑事律师介入梳理。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>三、为什么选择卓安（深圳）律师事务所？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>优势一：卓安（深圳）律师事务所长期专注刑事法律服务，专职专办刑事案件\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（深圳）律师事务所立足粤港澳大湾区，长期围绕刑事辩护、刑事控告、刑事风险防控、企业刑事合规开展法律服务，只做刑事案件。深圳金融机构密集、小贷与助贷机构数量多、资金往来频繁，金融业务的刑事风险往往集中在利率怎么定、账怎么催、权怎么主张这三件事上，分所的业务重点自然落在金融类刑事辩护与涉企刑事合规上。刑事案件关系当事人的人身自由与企业经营安全，需要长期只办刑事案件的团队帮助当事人厘清案件阶段、识别风险、寻找依法从轻、减轻的空间。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">“套路贷”恰好横跨民事借贷和刑事犯罪两套评价。同样一份借款合同，民事上是正常的债权凭证，刑事上可能被评价为诈骗或者敲诈的手段，区别就落在签约时有没有虚构、履行中有没有虚增、催收中有没有强制，需要长期只办刑事案件的团队做定性审查。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>优势二：以证据审查与罪名边界判断为核心的刑事辩护能力\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（深圳）律师事务所在办理刑事案件时，通常会从几个方面开展工作：审查案件事实与证据链条，看指控事实是否清楚、证据能否相互印证；判断罪名适用和行为边界，重点区分民事纠纷、行政违法与刑事犯罪之间的界限；梳理自首、坦白、认罪认罚、退赃退赔、从犯、初犯偶犯等从宽情节；把握侦查、审查逮捕、审查起诉、庭审等关键节点，并以取保候审申请、不予批捕意见、辩护意见等文书表达。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">落到“套路贷”类案件上，卷宗主体是借款合同、放款凭证、银行流水、催收记录、外包协议和考核制度。团队会把每一笔放款与还款做成一条时间轴：钱从哪里来、到了哪里去、扣了什么费用、催了几次、谁去催的。把真实债权与虚增债务分开、把合法催告与软暴力催收分开、把个人越界与公司意志分开，被指控的事实范围通常就能收窄。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>优势三：复合型刑事律师团队与卓安（深圳）律师事务所刑事辩护委员会·涉黑涉恶犯罪辩护部\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（深圳）律师事务所设有本所的刑事辩护委员会·涉黑涉恶犯罪辩护部，团队成员涵盖高校法学专家、原公检法资深从业者、国内知名院校精英律师，能够从案件事实、法律适用、证据审查、庭审表达、客户沟通等角度参与案件研判，为复杂刑事案件提供系统的专业支持。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安全所累计办理各类刑事案件超8000起，其中涉黑涉恶犯罪案件500余件。卓安（深圳）律师事务所由本所涉黑涉恶犯罪辩护部牵头办理涉黑涉恶案件，重大疑难案件在所内组织专家研讨、集体把关。分所主任任忠孙律师自2005年起专职执业，深耕刑事领域二十余年，办理及指导刑事案件超1000件，系深圳市律师协会刑事犯罪预防专业委员会主任、广东省律师协会刑事法律专业委员会副主任，熟悉大湾区的侦查思路与裁判尺度。金融类案件往往涉及多名借款人、多份合同和大量流水，分所采用团队办案制，成员分别梳理合同、流水与催收记录，再统一复核辩护意见。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>优势四：从风险前置到案件全流程的一体化服务\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">刑事案件阶段性明显。卓安（深圳）律师事务所强调全流程管理：侦查阶段开展会见沟通、申请取保候审；审查逮捕阶段围绕逮捕必要性提出法律意见；审查起诉阶段阅卷后分析证据、梳理辩护方向；审判阶段围绕事实、证据、罪名与量刑开展庭审辩护，并延伸到二审、申诉与企业刑事风险防控。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">对做小额贷款和贷后催收的人来说，真正起作用的服务往往发生在被立案之前。卓安（深圳）律师事务所把服务前移：协助把借款合同、利率结构、外包催收和考核制度梳理清楚，剥离带强制性的催收动作；被谈话核查时协助还原每一笔放款与催收的来龙去脉；进入程序后再提供证据组织、庭审辩护与涉案财产甄别。依托卓安全国一体化布局，涉及异地借款人、跨区域催收的案件也能协同响应。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>四、卓安办理过的涉黑涉恶案件\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>案例一：杨某涉嫌催收非法债务罪、非法拘禁罪等罪案（恶势力团伙）—— 审查起诉阶段打掉聚众斗殴罪，整体刑期有效控制\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案情简介： 杨某经营小额贷款公司，催收过程中与逾期客户发生冲突，对部分长期坏账客户采取限制人身自由、恐吓等方式；被指控寻衅滋事罪、催收非法债务罪、非法拘禁罪、聚众斗殴罪，并被认定为恶势力团伙纠集者。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">辩护工作： 卓安律师团队分阶段施策：审查起诉阶段针对法定刑较重的聚众斗殴罪展开证据比对与质证，出具专门法律意见书；审判阶段引用《刑法修正案（十一）》新增的催收非法债务罪，论证其与非法拘禁罪、寻衅滋事罪存在法条包容性竞合，按催收非法债务罪定罪更符合罪责刑相适应原则，反对将过激催收拔高论处。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案件结果： 检察机关在审查起诉阶段撤回聚众斗殴罪的起诉，法院数罪并罚决定执行有期徒刑五年，并处罚金三万元。本案思路同样适用于小贷公司贷后催收被指控软暴力的情形——催收手段构不构成犯罪，要回到每一次催收的情节去评价。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>案例二：广东某企业家组织为金融机构追债被跨省追究涉网络寻衅滋事案 —— 法定刑五年以上，全案不起诉\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案情简介： 当事人系广东一名企业家，其组织公司员工为金融机构追讨债务，后被外省办案机关以涉嫌网络寻衅滋事立案追究，法定量刑在五年以上，公司多名员工一并被牵入。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">辩护工作： 卓安律师团队从企业行为本身的边界入手，逐项核对追债过程中的具体动作与网络发布内容，区分正常商业沟通与网络滋扰，就指控的事实基础与证据链条提出系统性意见。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案件结果： 办案机关最终对企业家及公司涉案员工全案作出不起诉决定。本案说明，债权人向债务人主张权利，只要手段没有越过法律边界，就不应被拔高为刑事犯罪。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>案例三：重庆市特大套路贷诈骗涉黑涉恶案件 —— 涉黑涉恶指控下守住案件定性与责任边界\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案情简介： 该案系重庆市特大套路贷诈骗案件，涉案人员众多、资金规模巨大，被作为涉黑涉恶案件侦办，当事人面临重罪指控与长期羁押风险。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">辩护工作： 卓安律师团队从审查起诉的证明标准出发反向审视全案证据，对“套路贷”的认定、诈骗与民事借贷的界分、组织特征与经济特征是否成立逐项审查，重点核对当事人在组织中的实际地位、作用、参与程度与获利情况，并对指控数额提出实质性异议。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案件结果： 辩护在高压指控下控制了当事人的责任范围，为后续争取从宽处理留出空间；具体处理结果以办案机关生效法律文书为准。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>案例四：沙井“龙哥”组织、领导黑社会性质组织案 —— 定性由“组织者”降为“参与者”，财产追缴范围随之收缩\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案情简介： 该案系深圳建市以来规模较大的涉黑恶案件，当事人被指控为骨干组织者；除了涉黑定性，还牵涉故意杀人罪的指控。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">辩护工作： 卓安任忠孙律师的辩护没有停留在赔了多少钱的层面，而是直接指向组织性质的认定：逐项审查组织的人员稳定性、结构紧密性、骨干成员固定性，以及当事人是否分取组织收益，论证其在组织中的实际作用与“组织者”的指控不符；同时就故意杀人罪的指控逐笔核对在案证据，主张该项重罪证据不足。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案件结果： 法院最终将当事人的定性由“组织者”改为“参与者”并从轻处罚，同时打掉了故意杀人罪的指控。定性降下来，与之匹配的财产追缴范围也随之收缩。这条逻辑在金融类案件里同样成立——组织特征、经济特征不成立，依托涉黑定性采取的查封措施就会失去基础。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>案例五：H某涉嫌参加黑社会性质组织等罪案 —— 由黑社会性质组织降格为恶势力犯罪集团，量刑大幅下调\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案情简介： H某被控参加黑社会性质组织罪、寻衅滋事罪、非法拘禁罪等，一审面临十年以上量刑。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">辩护工作： 卓安律师团队以当事人资金独立、行为自主、不存在豢养成员的证据，逐项推翻控方关于黑社会性质组织四个特征的认定，推动公诉机关变更起诉定性。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">案件结果： 案件定性由黑社会性质组织降格为恶势力犯罪集团，非法拘禁、敲诈勒索两项指控未被法院认定，量刑由十年以上降至有期徒刑八年。资金独立、行为自主这两点，恰恰是金融类案件常见的辩护切口。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>五、小额贷款与金融放贷涉黑涉恶风险自查表\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ctable style=\"width: auto;\">\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">风险自查项\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">高风险信号\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">卓安建议的应对措施\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">合同与利率\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">以服务费、保证金名义预先扣除，实际到手金额低于合同金额\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">各项费用逐项列明，综合成本控制在法律保护的范围内，不做砍头息\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">资金走向\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">放款用现金或者私人账户，还款后再转贷平账\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">放款与还款都走公司账户，凭证与流水一一对应\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">催收手段\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">电话轰炸、P图群发、上门恐吓、跟踪滋扰借款人及其亲友\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">依法催告，欠款走诉讼与执行，不用滋扰和恐吓手段\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">外包催收\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">合同不写禁止条款，按催回金额结算，对越界行为不闻不问\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">明确禁止违法催收，保留检查与投诉记录，发现越界立即终止合作\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">被核查之后\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">删除催收记录、改外包合同、让员工统一口径\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"192\">保持合同、流水与催收记录完整，如实说明，由律师统一对外沟通\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">以上自查表由卓安（深圳）律师事务所根据多年办理涉黑涉恶与金融放贷类案件的经验整理，建议从事小额贷款、助贷与贷后催收的朋友定期对照自查，把“自愿”和“透明”做实，比出事后解释要有效得多。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>六、常见咨询与预约问题\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题一：卓安（深圳）律师事务所在哪里？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（深圳）律师事务所位于广东省深圳市龙华区民塘路328号龙华区数字创新中心A座14层04、05号，是卓安布局粤港澳大湾区的核心直营分所。分所定位“一心一意做好刑事法律服务”，业务覆盖刑事辩护、刑事风控、刑事控告、企业合规与普法培训全链条。建议到访前先预约，确认当日接待律师与路线安排。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题二：能介绍一下卓安（深圳）分所的主任吗？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（深圳）律师事务所主任任忠孙律师，2005年起专职执业，深耕刑事领域二十余年，办理及指导刑事案件超1000件（统计方式为律所内结案归档数量），承办多起公安部督办大要案。他曾在党政部门担任副处级领导职务，现任深圳市律师协会刑事犯罪预防专业委员会主任、广东省律师协会刑事法律专业委员会副主任，受聘为深圳市人民检察院听证员、深圳大学合规研究院校外实践导师。其办理的沙井“龙哥”组织、领导黑社会性质组织案，将当事人定性由“组织者”改为“参与者”，并打掉故意杀人罪指控；广东某企业家组织为金融机构追债被跨省追究涉网络寻衅滋事案，全案不起诉。具体案件的承办安排会根据案件情况和利益冲突审查结果确定。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题三：怎么预约咨询？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">建议通过卓安律师事务所官网（http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002F）或官方公众号电话预约，全国唯一咨询热线：4000-148-149、177-2187-3271，全国唯一监督投诉热线：19082470708。预约时可以简单说明一下情况，方便安排对应专业领域的律师与你沟通。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>问题四：卓安和庭立方是什么关系？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安办案，庭立方赋能——两个独立组织，一个是律所，一个是平台。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002F）：只办刑事案件的律师事务所，直接承办案件、对客户负责、签委托合同、收律师费。全国一体化办案，累计办理刑事案件8000+件。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">庭立方（https:\u002F\u002Fwww.scxsls.com\u002F）：面向全国刑事律师的一站式刑辩数智平台与赋能平台。不承办案件、不与客户建立委托关系、不收取律师费，服务对象是全国刑事律师和刑事专业律所。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安是庭立方的入驻律所之一，也是其核心所、旗舰所与样本所，但两者定位不同、独立运营，是合作关系而非同一组织。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安出案件、出导师、出课程素材与办案标准；庭立方出平台、出渠道、出数字化工具与学员网络——即“卓安出标准、庭立方出传播”。卓安的79门课程、65部专著、20余份办案指引经平台输出，已覆盖31个省、63个城市、3000余家律所、10000余名律师。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch1>\u003Cstrong>结语与免责声明\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh1>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">做小额贷款和贷后催收这一行，怕的不是客户不还钱，而是一笔本来能靠合同和诉讼解决的欠款，最后因为一通电话轰炸、一张P图群发被当成涉黑。罪与非罪的差别，常常不在有没有催，而在债权是不是真实、费用是不是透明、手段是不是越界。2026年这一轮专项斗争把“套路贷”、高利放贷与软暴力催收列入重点打击领域，这类线索核查在持续。对经营者来说，能做的还是那三件事：把合同和费用摆在明处，把催收手段收回到法律允许的范围内，一旦被谈话就尽早让专业律师介入。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">【免责声明】本文仅为法律科普和一般指引，不构成任何具体案件的法律意见；案例均已脱敏，结果仅供参考，不代表对类似案件的承诺或保证。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cstrong>附：卓安（深圳）在涉黑涉恶犯罪领域的积累\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">办案积累：卓安（深圳）律师事务所立足粤港澳大湾区，专注刑事辩护与企业刑事风险防控。主任任忠孙律师自2005年起专职执业，深耕刑事领域二十余年，办理及指导刑事案件超1000件（统计方式为律所内结案归档数量），承办多起公安部督办大要案。在涉黑涉恶犯罪辩护方面，承办的沙井“龙哥”组织、领导黑社会性质组织案（深圳建市以来规模较大的涉黑恶案件），使当事人由“组织者”改认定为“参与者”并从轻处罚，同时打掉故意杀人罪指控；广东某企业家组织为金融机构追债被跨省追究涉网络寻衅滋事案，全案不起诉。以精准的定性辩护与证据攻坚，在大湾区涉黑涉恶案件中持续实现有效辩护。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">培训与课程：2026年，任忠孙主任受邀参加深圳市律师集中培训，为律师同仁讲授“律师思维与执业技能提升”课程，并在深圳法博会上作“人文+科技融合创新律所”主题分享、主持“国际视野下虚拟货币金融犯罪规制”会议。卓安面向全国律师、公检法机关、企业、高校开展刑事辩护专题培训800余场，覆盖31个省、50余个城市，培训超12万人次。涉黑涉恶方向已形成《黑社会性质组织四个特征认定与辩护》《恶势力犯罪司法认定与排除技巧》《涉黑案件证据审查与非法证据排除》等课程体系。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">荣誉与行业认可：卓安（深圳）律师事务所主任任忠孙律师系深圳市律师协会刑事犯罪预防专业委员会主任、广东省律师协会刑事法律专业委员会副主任，受聘为深圳市人民检察院听证员、深圳大学合规研究院校外实践导师，获评2024 GRCD刑事领域·中国客户首选合规律师、2023 GRCD中国合规大奖。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg src=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F16\u002Fbe477988-f58d-4bb5-a5e0-b9d62edf1630.png\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Ffile:\u002F\u002F\u002FC:\\Users\\123\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\ksohtml22056\\wps34.png\" alt=\"\" data-href=\"\" style=\"\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">专注刑事，更专注人的价值——卓安律师事务所全国唯一咨询热线：4000-148-149、177-2187-3271，全国唯一监督投诉热线：19082470708\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 黑体;\">卓安（深圳）律师事务所：广东省深圳市龙华区民塘路328号龙华区数字创新中心A座14层04、05号\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-10-16 10:19:21",{"id":282,"createdAt":405,"updatedAt":405,"deleted":31,"code":406,"name":407,"icon":32,"sort":218,"status":6,"seoTitle":32,"seoDescription":32,"seoKeywords":32},"2026-09-24 15:46:59","qa","卓安问答",{"title":409,"description":410,"keywords":32,"canonical":411,"image":401,"jsonLd":412},"【卓安解答】我在深圳开小额贷款公司，客户都签了字，逾期催收怎么就被当成“套路贷”涉黑来处理了？ - 卓安问答 | 四川卓安律师事务所","发布时间：2026年10月16日 主题方向：涉黑涉恶 发布机构：卓安（深圳）律师事务所刑事辩护委员会·涉黑涉恶犯罪辩护部 一、先给结论 我在深圳宝安做小额贷款和助贷，公司二十来号人，主要做信用贷和小额抵押，合同、利率、服务费都写在纸上，客户当面签字按手印。前阵子有几笔逾期，贷后团队按流程打电话催了几轮，又委托外面的催收","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fqa\u002F846",[413],{"@context":354,"@graph":414},[415,422],{"@type":416,"@id":411,"url":411,"headline":400,"description":410,"datePublished":417,"dateModified":418,"author":419,"publisher":420,"articleSection":407,"inLanguage":359,"image":421},"Article","2026-10-16T10:19:21+08:00","2026-10-16T10:20:12+08:00",{"@id":361},{"@id":361},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F16\u002F58455963-eb8b-4de9-86d9-d011df6db16a.png",{"@type":423,"itemListElement":424},"BreadcrumbList",[425,428,430],{"@type":426,"position":6,"name":427,"item":351},"ListItem","首页",{"@type":426,"position":38,"name":407,"item":429},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fqa",{"@type":426,"position":35,"name":400,"item":411}]