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14:59:45","职务犯罪案件，留置期间监委让退赃，要不要退、该怎么退","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F20\u002Fd9b49591-5440-48a9-a697-f9a9c34c61df.jpg","\u003Ch2>摘要\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>留置期间监委让退赃，家属最担心的往往不是钱，而是退了之后会不会被当成已经认了。这个担心有依据：留置阶段没有辩护人介入，退赃决定是在信息不对称的情况下作出的，而每一笔退缴都会变成卷宗里的一行记录。还有一层更容易忽略，让退的钱里往往混着违纪所得、一般违法所得和涉嫌犯罪所得三类，一次性全退等于三类一起认。但反过来看，留置阶段也是唯一能同时踩住两个从宽节点的窗口，一个是《中华人民共和国监察法》第三十四条的从宽处罚建议，一个是《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百八十三条第三款的提起公诉前。这篇文章回答四个问题：留置期间退赃换到的到底是什么，哪些情形该退、哪些该缓，程序上钱交给谁、凭证怎么留、混同财产怎么处理，以及退完之后还有哪些权利没有丧失。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>一、留置期间退赃，换到的到底是什么\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>先把这件事的性质说清楚：留置期间退赃，换到的不是法院判决里的减刑，而是调查机关在移送时出具的一份从宽处罚建议。这两者不是一回事，把前者当成后者，是很多家属判断失误的起点。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（一）监察机关能给的是建议，不是结论\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国监察法》第三十四条规定，涉嫌职务犯罪的被调查人主动认罪认罚，具有四种情形之一的，监察机关经领导人员集体研究并报上一级监察机关批准，可以在移送人民检察院时提出从宽处罚的建议。四种情形中，第三项就是积极退赃、减少损失。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这一条要读准三处限定：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col>\u003Cli>主体是监察机关，作出的是\"建议\"，不是量刑决定；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>程序上要经集体研究并报上一级批准，不是承办人一个人能定的；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>时间上是在移送人民检察院时提出，跟着案件一起走。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>所以留置期间退赃的直接效果，是在《起诉意见书》和随案材料里留下一个被官方确认的从宽情节。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 这个情节到了检察阶段，是量刑建议的事实基础；到了法院，是量刑的酌定依据。它的价值不在留置期间兑现，而在后面两个阶段兑现。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（二）这一条有个前置条件，退钱不等于认罪\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国监察法》第三十四条的句式是\"主动认罪认罚，有下列情形之一的\"。这句话的结构决定了：\u003Cstrong>四种情形是并列在\"主动认罪认罚\"这个前提之下的，退赃单独成立，不当然带来从宽处罚建议。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>现实中的错位常常出在这里。有的当事人钱退了，但对关键事实始终不认，或者认一部分、推一部分。这种状态下，退赃这个动作在案卷里是存在的，但这一条的通道打不开。反过来，只认罪不退赃，第三项也落不了地。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>两个动作要同时成立，这一点在留置阶段就该想清楚，不能等移送之后再来补。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（三）真正的时间窗口是\"提起公诉前\"，留置正好落在里面\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百八十三条第三款规定，犯贪污罪在提起公诉前如实供述自己罪行、真诚悔罪、积极退赃，避免、减少损害结果发生的，可以从轻、减轻或者免除处罚。《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百八十六条规定，犯受贿罪的，根据受贿所得数额及情节，依照贪污罪的量刑规定处罚。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这一款的价值，上一篇已经讲过：过了提起公诉这个点，它就再也用不上了。这里要补充的是它与留置阶段的关系。\u003Cstrong>留置在调查阶段，移送之后才进入审查起诉，所以留置期间完成的退赃，天然落在这个窗口之内。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 这是留置阶段退赃在时间上的优势，也是它值得认真对待的原因。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>至于留置会持续多久，《中华人民共和国监察法》第四十八条规定，留置时间不得超过三个月，特殊情况下可以延长一次，延长时间不得超过三个月；对可能判处十年有期徒刑以上刑罚的被调查人，延长期限届满仍不能调查终结的，经国家监察委员会批准或者决定，可以再延长二个月。这意味着留置不是几天的事，退赃有时间把数额核对清楚，不必在第一次被通知时仓促决定。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>二、要不要退：先分清退的是哪一类钱，再分情形判断\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\"要不要退\"这个问题没有统一答案，因为它问的其实是两件事：退的是哪一类钱，以及这笔钱对应的数额清不清楚。前者决定退错的后果，后者决定退的时机。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（一）先分清：让退的这笔钱，在法律上属于哪一类\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国监察法》第五十三条把涉案财物分成两类处理：对违法取得的财物，依法予以没收、追缴或者责令退赔；对涉嫌犯罪取得的财物，应当随案移送人民检察院。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这一条的分类很关键。留置期间办案机关要求退缴的钱，实际上可能混着三种：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>违纪所得\u003C\u002Fstrong>，对应的是党纪政务处分；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>一般违法所得\u003C\u002Fstrong>，对应的是没收、追缴、责令退赔；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>涉嫌犯罪所得\u003C\u002Fstrong>，随案移送，直接影响定罪量刑的数额。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>三类的法律后果完全不同。\u003Cstrong>如果一次性全额退缴而不作区分，等于三类一起认下来，其中本该属于违纪或一般违法的那一部分，就被并进了犯罪数额。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 数额一旦抬高，量刑档次可能就变了。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>实务中可操作的做法是：退缴时按笔对应，每一笔写明对应的指控事实；对性质有异议的，在缴款说明或者同期提交的书面材料里单独表述，不同性质的钱不合并成一笔交。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（二）数额清楚、本人认可、资金来源无争议的，退，而且不必拖\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>这类情形的判断最简单：事实没有争议，早退比晚退好，全额比部分好。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>理由在《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第二百四十七条。该条把\"积极退赃，减少损失\"具体化为三种情形：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col>\u003Cli>全额退赃的；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>退赃能力不足，但被调查人及其亲友在监察机关追缴赃款赃物过程中积极配合，且大部分已追缴到位的；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>犯罪后主动采取措施避免损失发生，或者积极采取有效措施减少、挽回大部分损失的。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>第一项是全额，第二项是能力不足但配合且大部分到位。两条路都通，不是只有全额一条。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（三）数额有争议的，退无争议的部分，争议部分书面留痕\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>这是留置期间最容易做错的地方。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>留置阶段没有辩护人介入，当事人对指控数额的构成往往不清楚，家属更不清楚。这种情况下被要求\"先把总数退了\"，风险在于：\u003Cstrong>退了总数，等于用行动确认了总数，后面再争单笔性质，会变成自己打自己的脸。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>可操作的处理是分两步：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col>\u003Cli>无争议的部分先退，凭证留好，这一部分对应的是明确的从宽情节；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>有争议的部分，在缴款说明里写清争议点，或者同期向办案机关提交书面意见，说明哪几笔的性质有异议、理由是什么。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>已经退了的钱要不要得回来，是另一回事；但在退的当时留下书面异议，决定了后面还有没有争的空间。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 这一句话，比退多少更重要。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（四）财产已经混同的，走变现上缴，不整体上交\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>房产、股权、车辆这类财产，如果是用违法所得与合法收入共同购置的，整体上交等于把合法部分也交了出去。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第一百五十八条第五项给了处理路径：对被调查人使用违法犯罪所得与合法收入共同购置的不可分割的财产，可以先行查封、扣押；对无法分割退还的财产，涉及违法的，可以经被调查人申请并经监察机关批准，由被调查人亲属或者被调查人委托的其他人员在监察机关监督下自行变现后上缴违法所得及孳息，也可以由监察机关在结案后委托有关单位拍卖、变卖，退还不属于违法所得的部分及孳息。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这条路要走，需要两个动作：一是提出申请，二是走监察机关监督下的变现程序。\u003Cstrong>自行变卖、私下过户都不算数，反而可能被认定为转移财产。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（五）确实没有退赃能力的，说明财产状况并配合追缴，同样能认定积极退赃\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第二百四十七条第二项已经把这条路写明了。但要注意它的条件不止\"没钱\"一项，还要\"积极配合追缴\"且\"大部分已追缴到位\"。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>同时要清楚不退的另一种后果。《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第二百四十条规定，有证据证明依法应当追缴、没收的涉案财物无法找到、被他人善意取得、价值灭失减损或者与其他合法财产混合且不可分割的，可以依法追缴、没收被调查人的其他等值财产。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>也就是说，\u003Cstrong>涉案财物灭失或者转移，不等于这笔账就消了，可能转成对等值财产的追缴。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 与其被动等到这一步，不如主动说明财产去向、配合追缴。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（六）三种退了会更被动的情形\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Col>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>超额退缴。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 退的钱超过指控数额，会引出新的疑问：多出来的部分是什么性质，为什么当事人自己认为该退。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>资金来源异常。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 用他人名义、用借贷资金退缴，可能引出新的资金线索，也会让\"退赃能力不足\"的表述失去可信度。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>数额还没定就全额退。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 这一条前面说过，后果是把有争议的数额一并固化。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Ch2>三、怎么退：钱交给谁、凭证怎么留、分几次退\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>程序上的差错，会让本来有效的退赃在案卷里变成一句说不清的话。下面六件事，是留置期间退赃最容易出问题的地方。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（一）钱交给谁\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>交给监察机关指定的专用账户，不交给承办人个人，也不直接退给行贿人。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>依据是《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第一百六十条，对于涉案款项，应当在采取措施后十五日以内存入监察机关指定的专用账户。另据《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第一百六十五条，在立案调查之前，对监察对象及相关人员主动上交的涉案财物，经审批可以接收，接收时应当由二名以上调查人员会同持有人和见证人进行清点核对，当场填写《主动上交财物登记表》，并由调查人员、持有人和见证人签名或者盖章。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>直接退给行贿人这一种做法，在受贿案件里基本不能替代向机关退缴。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 钱到了行贿人手里，办案机关没有收到，退赃这个情节在卷宗里就不成立。已经退给行贿人的，如实说明时间、金额、方式并留存凭证，可以争取计入退缴总额，但不要指望它替代正式退缴。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（二）凭证怎么留\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>三类材料要同时留存：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col>\u003Cli>缴款凭证，注意收款单位是监察机关指定账户，不是个人账户；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《主动上交财物登记表》或者查封、扣押财物文件清单，注意有调查人员、持有人、见证人签名；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>缴款说明，写明哪一笔对应哪一项指控事实，有异议的部分单独标注。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>这三样东西里，第三样最容易被忽略，也最影响后面的辩护空间。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（三）退多少：跟着供述口径走\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>退缴金额和被调查人供述的数额对不上，在案卷里会呈现为两种可能：供述不实，或者退赃不实。两种评价都不利。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>可操作的原则是：\u003Cstrong>退缴的每一笔都要能在供述里找到对应，供述里认了的才退，没认的先不退。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 家属代为退缴时尤其要注意，不能因为着急而多退、乱退，把当事人的供述口径冲乱。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（四）什么时候退：跟着数额认定的进度走\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>留置期间退赃不是越早越好，也不是越晚越好，而是跟着调查进展走。前面说过，留置期限法定可以到三个月，特殊情况下还能延长，这给核对数额留出了时间。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>判断的依据很具体：办案机关是否已经就某几笔事实做过讯问、当事人是否已经对这些事实作出供述、数额是否已经相对固定。\u003Cstrong>在这三件事都还没发生时全额退缴，退的是自己对数额的猜测。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（五）家属代退，三个硬要求\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>留置期间本人不能自行办理缴款，多数由家属代办。代办要成立，三个条件缺一不可：\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>以被调查人名义缴款\u003C\u002Fstrong>，收款凭证上体现的是被调查人退赃，不是家属赠送；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>写明代缴关系\u003C\u002Fstrong>，在缴款说明里写清缴款人与被调查人的关系、代缴原因；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>金额与供述口径一致\u003C\u002Fstrong>，代办不等于可以替当事人认数额。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>在留置阶段，家属手里的缴款凭证，是被调查人退赃意愿的唯一书面证据。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 这份证据将来要用来支撑《中华人民共和国监察法》第三十四条的\"主动认罪认罚\"，写错一个字，效果可能就反了。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（六）退完之后要留一份完整台账\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>按笔记录：时间、金额、收款单位、对应指控事实、凭证编号、有无异议。这份台账在移送之后会直接派上用场，后面讲。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>四、退完之后，还有哪些权利没有丧失\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>退赃是履行义务，不是放弃权利。这一点在留置阶段容易被忽略。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（一）退了与案件无关的财物，可以申诉\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国监察法》第六十九条规定，监察机关及其工作人员有该条所列行为之一的，被调查人及其近亲属、利害关系人有权向该机关申诉。其中第二项是查封、扣押、冻结与案件无关或者明显超出涉案范围的财物，第三项是应当解除查封、扣押、冻结措施而不解除。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>这条权利的存在说明一件事：退缴范围本身是可以争的。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 退多了、退错了，不是只能认。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>（二）留置期间退的赃，移送后怎么接着用\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>移送之后，留置阶段的退赃记录会以两种形式出现在案卷里。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>一是《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第二百一十九条要求调查组形成的到案经过及量刑情节材料，其中明确包括\"认罪悔罪态度、退赃、避免和减少损害结果发生等方面的情况说明及相关材料\"。二是《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第二百二十七条要求《起诉意见书》载明从重、从轻、减轻或者免除处罚等情节和涉案财物情况。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>这意味着留置期间退赃这件事，在检察阶段是有据可查的，不需要重新举证。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 要做的不是重复说明，而是核对：卷宗里记载的退缴金额、笔数、时间，与家属手里的凭证是否一致；不一致的地方，就是移送后第一时间要提的问题。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这也是为什么前面强调要留台账。卓安（重庆）律师事务所吴亮律师团队接手移送后的案件，第一件事通常不是看起诉意见书的结论，而是把其中的涉案财物情况和家属手里的缴款凭证逐笔核对，差错往往就出在这里。吴亮在重庆市九龙坡区人民检察院办理批捕与审查起诉的十年里，也见过不少案卷里\"已退赃\"写得很清楚、但具体退的是哪一笔却对不上的情形，这类差错在量刑建议阶段是有机会纠正的，但前提是有人去核。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>五、三个案例\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>某基层公职人员受贿案（卓安团队办理）。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 当事人被指控在十六年间收受财物148万余元，涉及工程推进、项目申报等事项。辩护没有全盘接受指控，而是对其中7笔共计75万元提出质疑，主张部分款项属于无具体请托的人情往来或事后感谢，性质更接近违纪而非犯罪；对一套涉案房产，主张按交付时市场价而非事后追溯评估价计算；对案发前已经退还的财物，主张不计入受贿总额。在证据确实的部分，全额退赃、认罪认罚。审查起诉阶段达成三年八个月的量刑建议，一审判决三年六个月。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>某公职人员受贿案（卓安团队办理）。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 当事人收受财物50余万元。到案后自动投案并如实供述，留置期间主动交代多笔监察机关尚未掌握的受贿事实，积极退赃并预缴罚金。辩护的核心争点是自首是否成立，主张判断监察机关是否已掌握主要犯罪事实，应以除本人供述外其他证据是否形成完整证据链为准，而非仅掌握线索或部分证据。最终判处有期徒刑三年六个月。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>某医院党委书记贪污、受贿案（卓安团队办理）。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 当事人涉嫌贪污90万余元、受贿150万余元。辩护提出其在共同受贿中起次要、辅助作用，留置及羁押期间检举他人犯罪线索，同时具备退赃、坦白、认罪认罚、初犯等情节。数罪并罚，决定执行有期徒刑六年六个月，并处罚金50万元。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>三个案子放在一起看，能看出同一件事：\u003Cstrong>退赃是必要的，但从来不是唯一的变量。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 第一个案子的空间在数额认定，第二个在自首，第三个在从犯与立功。退赃的作用是把从宽的门打开，门开多大，还要看别的辩护点撑不撑得住。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>六、涉及的法律依据\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Col>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国监察法》第三十四条，从宽处罚建议的四种情形及审批程序；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国监察法》第四十八条，留置期限及延长条件；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国监察法》第五十三条，违法取得财物与涉嫌犯罪取得财物的分类处置；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国监察法》第六十九条，被调查人及其近亲属的申诉权；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第一百五十八条，查封扣押物品的处理与混同财产变现上缴；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第一百六十条，涉案款项存入指定专用账户的期限；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第一百六十五条，立案前主动上交财物的接收程序；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第二百一十九条，到案经过及量刑情节材料的形成；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第二百二十七条，《起诉意见书》应载明的内容；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第二百四十条，追缴原物原则与等值财产追缴；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第二百四十七条，积极退赃、减少损失的三种情形；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百八十三条，贪污罪的量刑档次及提起公诉前退赃的从宽；\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百八十六条，受贿罪依照贪污罪的规定处罚。\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp>本文仅供参考，不构成正式法律意见。具体案件的处理，需结合在案证据与当地办案机关的认定标准判断。\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-10-20 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