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15:36:06","卓安黄婧团队 | 职务犯罪退赃能先退违法款，后退违纪款吗？","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F14\u002F6dd1e21d-8109-4953-ade2-be402a49adf7.jpg","\u003Cp>【核心结论】退赃的顺序，家属选不了。三笔钱本来就是分开认定、分开处置的，先认定哪一笔、什么时候认定，由办案机关按程序推进。家属能做的，是把金额核清楚，把没有争议的先退掉。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>我做职务犯罪辩护十几年，被问得最多的问题之一就是退赃。这几个月，家属问得尤其集中，因为网上流传着一种听起来特别专业的说法：退赃之前，先跟监委把违纪多少、违法多少问清楚，然后优先去退违法的那部分钱。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这话听上去滴水不漏，所以很多当家的人都在盘算：是不是可以先退违法款，把大头留一留。每次遇到这种咨询，我都得先把一件事讲明白：这个说法的方向是对的，但落到现实里，根本操作不了。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>不是家属不够聪明，也不是办案机关不讲道理。是这件事本身的程序结构，决定了家属没有挑选的余地。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>三笔钱，法律上从来不是一本账\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>要把这件事讲清楚，得先弄明白一件事：家属嘴里说的“退赃”，在纪委监委和司法机关那里，其实是三种完全不同的钱，走三条完全不同的路。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ctable style=\"width: auto;\">\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Cth colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">钱的种类\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">由谁来处理\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">怎么处置\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">法律依据\u003C\u002Fth>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">违纪所得\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">纪检机关，走党纪处理\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">收缴，或者责令退赔\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">《中国共产党纪律处分条例》第四十条\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">职务违法所得\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">监察机关，走政务处理\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">没收、追缴，或者责令退赔\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">《中华人民共和国监察法》第四十六条\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">涉嫌职务犯罪所得\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">司法机关，走刑事程序\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">追缴或者责令退赔\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">《中华人民共和国刑法》第六十四条\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003Cp>这张表是整件事的地基。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>违反党的纪律拿到的好处，比如违规收受的礼金、违规兼职取酬，属于违纪所得，由纪检机关依据《中国共产党纪律处分条例》收缴，或者责令退赔。这一块的认定和处理，放在党纪的程序里。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>利用职务上的便利拿到的、够不上犯罪但确实违规的财物，属于职务违法所得，由监察机关依据《中华人民共和国监察法》第四十六条没收、追缴，或者责令退赔。这一块走的，是政务处分那条线。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>真正涉嫌职务犯罪的赃款赃物，比如受贿收受的钱款，性质上属于犯罪所得，要由监察机关制作清单，随案移送人民检察院，最终依据《中华人民共和国刑法》第六十四条追缴。这一块走的是刑事程序，认定权在司法机关手里。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>三笔钱，三道门，本来就不在一本账上。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>那问题就来了：既然法律上分得这么清，家属为什么不能要求先把违法款退掉？\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>答案是：分得清，是办案机关的事；能不能分开退，不是家属能定的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>现实当中，家属拿到的是一个总数\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>办案机关通知家属退缴的时候，给出的往往就是一个数目，或者一个区间。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>家属这时候最想做的一件事，就是追问：这个数里面，违纪的占多少，违法的占多少？可是这个问题，那个阶段通常问不出答案。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>原因不复杂。违纪、违法、犯罪的界限，本来就要等调查走完、材料审完，才可能一笔一笔定下来。在调查还没结束的时候，办案人员自己手上也还没有一张分好类的明细表。他没有的东西，自然也没法给你。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>所以家属常会碰到这样的情况：钱交进去了，具体怎么分、按什么顺序冲抵，从头到尾没有人来跟你商量，钱退完了才慢慢知道哪一部分被认成了违纪、哪一部分被认成了违法所得。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>有的家属不甘心，会继续追问一句：那我能不能先只退违法的那一部分？得到的答复通常是不行。不是谁在故意为难你，而是这个要求本身就不成立。你要退的那一笔“违法款”，此刻在程序上还没有被单独认定出来，它还不是一个能单独拿出来处理的数目。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这里我要说句实在话。家属心里那些盘算，办案机关其实都清楚。你在想什么、图什么，人家在第一线见了太多。想用退赃的钱去换一个更轻的认定，这个念头一旦被看出来，反而不利于后面的量刑。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>所以真相就是：退赃这件事，家属手里并没有多少可以挑挑拣拣的空间。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>顺序不是谁规定的，是程序快慢决定的\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>那为什么很多家属会有一种感觉，觉得退进去的钱，先动的是违纪那一笔？\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这不是谁特意安排了一个先后，而是程序的快慢自然形成的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>党纪的处理和职务违法的处理，是一道相对快的程序。违纪所得、职务违法所得，在纪律审查和监察调查阶段就可以认定、可以作出处理决定，不用等刑事案件走完。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>而涉嫌犯罪的那一部分，慢得多。监察机关调查终结后，要制作《移送司法机关涉案财物清单》，把涉案财物随案移送人民检察院，由司法机关按刑事程序审查、认定、处置。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第二百三十九条把这条路径写得很清楚：对查封、扣押、冻结的涉嫌职务犯罪所得财物及孳息，应当妥善保管，随案移送人民检察院；对不属于犯罪所得但属于违法取得的财物及孳息，应当依法予以没收、追缴或者责令退赔；对经认定不属于违法所得的财物及孳息，应当及时予以返还。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>同一条例的第二百四十条还规定，追缴或者责令退赔，应当自处置决定作出之日起一个月以内执行完毕。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>把这两条放在一起看，你就明白家属为什么会感觉“先动的总是违纪那笔”：快的那部分先行处理完，慢的那部分被移送出去等司法认定。一件简单的事先做完，一件复杂的事放到后头，这是再自然不过的工作节奏。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>退赃到底图什么：它对量刑的作用，比你想的更实在\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>既然顺序选不了，是不是退了也白退？\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>不是。退赃是实打实的法定从宽情节，而且职务犯罪这一块，法律给的空间是明明白白写着的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百八十三条第三款规定：犯贪污罪，在提起公诉前如实供述自己罪行、真诚悔罪、积极退赃，避免、减少损害结果发生的，数额较大的，可以从轻、减轻或者免除处罚；数额巨大、数额特别巨大的，可以从轻处罚。受贿罪依照贪污罪的规定处罚，同样适用这一条。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>量刑上也有明确的口子。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院印发的《关于常见犯罪的量刑指导意见（试行）》里写着，对于退赃、退赔的，综合考虑犯罪性质、退赃退赔对损害结果能弥补的程度、退赃退赔的数额及主动程度等情况，可以减少基准刑的百分之三十以下。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这里有一件事，是很多家属还不知道的，我要专门讲一讲。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>最高人民法院、最高人民检察院《关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释（二）》（法释〔2026〕6号，2026年5月1日起施行）第二十二条，第一次把“积极退赃”的认定标准写细了：全部退赃的；积极配合办案机关追缴赃款赃物，且大部分赃款赃物已被查封、扣押、冻结的；共同犯罪中对实际分取的赃款赃物已经全部退缴，并自愿继续退缴的，都可以认定为积极退赃。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>最要紧的是这一条的最后一款：应犯罪分子要求或者经犯罪分子同意，犯罪分子的亲友自愿代其退赃，只要具备前面说的情形之一，就视为犯罪分子本人积极退赃。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>翻译成家属听得懂的话就是：家属替家人退的钱，法律上算家人自己退的，一样能作为从宽的情节用。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这条规定，是家属在退赃这件事上最应该知道的新变化。钱是你凑的、你借的、你卖的房，只要退得对、退得实，它就是有用的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>最容易做错的两种情况\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>说到这儿，有两条路，是我见过家属最容易走偏的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>第一种，是只求快，先把总数凑齐。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 有的家属心里慌，觉得越早退越显态度，东拼西凑把家里能动的钱全转过去，连这个数怎么来的都没顾上弄明白。结果等到后面阅卷，才发现其中有相当一部分本来可以争一争，可钱已经交出去了，这一部分想要回来，几乎没有可能。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>第二种，是把还没核实清楚的金额一起退了。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 有的家属觉得，多退一点总比少退强。这种想法在数字上好像稳妥，实际上有风险。有争议的金额一旦退掉，等于用自己的行动替这个数字做了背书，后面再想推翻，难上加难。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这里我要特别说明一句：退赃不是交易，它换不来一个固定的结果。退了钱，案子照样可能判得很重；这也是很多家属最想不通的地方。它的价值，在于如实体现悔罪态度、减少损害结果，从而成为量刑里可以从轻考虑的一个情节。至于最后能从轻多少，要由人民法院根据全案的情况依法判断，谁都给不了你一个准数。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>家属该做的两件事\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>顺序选不了，但有两件事，是家属实实在在能抓住的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>第一件，退之前，先让律师把金额算清楚。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 你没办法选择先退哪一笔，但你有权知道这个总数合不合理。让律师把案卷里可能被认定的金额、计算的方法、有没有重复计算或者把不该算的算进去的部分，一笔一笔过一遍。心里有了底，你才知道这笔钱该不该在这个时间点上交。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>第二件，把没有争议的先退，有争议的留到检察院阅卷之后。\u003C\u002Fstrong> 确认无误的那一部分，早退不亏，可以体现态度。拿不准、有争议的那一部分，不必急着在留置阶段就交出去，留到案件移送到检察院、律师阅完卷、金额核对清楚之后，再决定退不退、退多少。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>我整理了一张表，家属可以对着看。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ctable style=\"width: auto;\">\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Cth colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">所处阶段\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">该做的事\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">要提前准备的材料\u003C\u002Fth>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">留置阶段，尚未移送\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">先让律师核对家属掌握的全部金额线索，判断总数是否合理\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">家属手头的转账记录、收入凭证、家庭财产清单\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">通知退缴时\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">确认无误的部分先行退缴，保留好每一笔缴款凭证\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">缴款凭证原件、办案机关的通知文书\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">案件移送检察院后\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">律师阅卷，逐笔核对认定金额，找出有争议的部分\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">卷宗中的金额认定材料、相关书证\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">认罪认罚协商阶段\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">就退赃退赔的金额和方式与检察官沟通，争取在量刑建议中体现\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"auto\">退赃退赔的完整凭证、意见材料\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>我陪家属走过的这段路\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>讲了这么多，我想说一个我自己办过的案子，也许能让正在着急的家属心里踏实一点。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>那是一起贪污、受贿的案件。家属刚找到我的时候，和很多家属一样，第一反应也是钱的事：要不要赶紧退，退多少，能不能早点把态度做出来。我没有急着让她去凑钱，而是先做了一件事：把指控涉及的每一笔金额，从头到尾捋了一遍。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>捋完的结果是，这个案子里，有一部分金额在证据上站不住，不该由当事人来背。我们没有急着用退钱去换什么，而是把力气花在把不该算的部分一笔一笔摘出来。最后这个案子，只认定了受贿一项罪名，当事人拿到了法定的最低量刑三年。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这个结果，不是靠退赃退出来的，是靠把金额算清楚算出来的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>我一直觉得，退赃这件事上，家属最需要的从来不是一份网上抄来的攻略，而是一个愿意陪你把账本摊开、一笔一笔核对的人。有的细节，要等卷宗真正摊在桌上、案情一句一句讲透，才能谈得上怎么应对。家人的自由，家里的财产，这两样东西经不起试错，也不该靠道听途说去赌。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>家属常见问题\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>问：留置期间退赃，能不能算立功？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>答：退赃不是立功。它是独立的从宽情节，法律上单列，和自首、立功不是一回事。你不用把它往立功上靠，把退赃该做的做到位，它自己就是有用的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>问：家里实在拿不出这个数，怎么办？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>答：量力而行，把能确认的部分先退，不必为了凑足总数去借超出家庭承受能力的钱。退赃的从宽，看的是主动程度和实际弥补的程度，不是看你把家底掏空到什么地步。缴款凭证要一笔一笔留好。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>问：钱退给监委，还是退给检察院？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>答：看案件走到哪一步。留置、调查阶段，退缴一般是在监察机关这一端办理；案件移送检察院之后，就退赃退赔的方案与检察机关沟通。两端的凭证都要完整保留，后面量刑时会用到。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>问：家属替家人退的钱，算不算数？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>答：算。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院《关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释（二）》第二十二条明确规定，经犯罪分子同意，亲友自愿代其退赃，视为犯罪分子本人积极退赃。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>问：退了钱，是不是就不用判了？\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>答：不是。退赃是从宽情节之一，不是免罪或者免刑的通道。能退多少、能轻多少，都要结合案件的事实、性质和情节综合判断。谁跟你说退了就一定轻、一定不判，这句话本身就不负责。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>附一：条文与案例索引\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国刑法》第六十四条，犯罪分子违法所得的一切财物，应当予以追缴或者责令退赔。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百八十三条第三款，贪污罪提起公诉前如实供述、真诚悔罪、积极退赃的从宽规定；第三百八十六条，受贿罪依照第三百八十三条的规定处罚。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国监察法》第四十六条，对违法取得的财物依法予以没收、追缴或者责令退赔，对涉嫌犯罪取得的财物随案移送人民检察院。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国监察法实施条例》第二百三十九条，涉嫌职务犯罪所得财物及孳息的随案移送与分类处置；第二百四十条，追缴或者责令退赔的执行期限。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《中国共产党纪律处分条例》第四十条，违纪行为所获得的经济利益应当收缴或者责令退赔。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《中华人民共和国公职人员政务处分法》第二十五条，公职人员违法取得的财物的没收、追缴或者责令退赔。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于常见犯罪的量刑指导意见（试行）》，退赃、退赔可以减少基准刑的百分之三十以下。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》（法释〔2016〕9号，2016年4月18日起施行）。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释（二）》（法释〔2026〕6号，2026年4月10日公布，2026年5月1日起施行），第二十二条，积极退赃的认定与亲友代退赃的视为情形。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《关于加强和完善监察执法与刑事司法衔接机制的意见（试行）》，国家监察委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部联合印发。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>《纪检监察机关涉案财物管理规定》（中央纪委2021年12月3日发布），涉案财物的分类处置。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>黄婧主任办理案例：Z某贪污、受贿案，均已脱敏，结果以法律文书为准。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>附二：关于黄婧主任与卓安律师事务所\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>黄婧｜卓安（昆明）律师事务所创始人、主任\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>组织领导黑社会性质组织罪辩护｜非法吸收公众存款与融资刑事风险｜职务侵占案件辩护｜非国家工作人员受贿案件辩护｜涉案财产查封与解封｜云南企业刑事合规体系建设\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2010 年毕业于西南政法大学，深耕刑事法律服务领域十余年，办理经济犯罪、职务犯罪案件 100+ 件（统计方式为律所内结案归档数量）。卓安刑事合规专业委员会委员，庭立方严选律师，2026 年获评「LegalOne 西部地区法律大奖：杰出律师（刑事业务）」。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>在职务犯罪辩护中，她注重金额认定与涉案财物处置的逐笔核查，把不该由当事人承担的部分一笔一笔摘出来。代表案例：L 某涉嫌组织、领导黑社会性质组织罪一案全案脱黑、涉案财产得以解封；Z 某贪污、受贿一案仅认定受贿一项罪名，获法定最低量刑三年；Y 某职务侵占案以证据不足获检察院不予逮捕、最终不起诉结案。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>执业信念：忠于客户的信任，为其提供专业、尽责、温暖的刑事法律服务。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>卓安律师事务所｜只做刑事\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>2013 年成立，前身为 2009 年创办的\"为你辩护网\"，是中国首批专注刑事业务的精品专业化律师事务所。以成都为总部，昆明、深圳、重庆、达州、西宁设分所，全国一体化直营运营。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>全所近百名专职刑事律师，含 11 位法学博士、30 余位法学硕士，近三分之一具有原法院、检察院、公安局、监察机关从业经历，以控、辩、审、学四维视角办案。业务覆盖刑事辩护、刑事风控、刑事合规、刑事控告全链条。累计办理刑事案件 8000+ 件，承办全国重大影响案件 500+ 件，实现无罪化处理 500+ 件、缓刑 700+ 件、取保候审 700+ 件；出版法学专著 65 部、学术论文 203 篇，开展刑事辩护专题培训 800+ 场。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>卓安（昆明）律师事务所｜立足云南、辐射西南\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>定位\"一心一意做好刑事法律服务\"，以\"捍卫生命自由\"为使命。由黄婧律师担任创始人、主任，团队成员包括前法官、检察官、公安及名校法律人才，业务覆盖刑事辩护、刑事风控、刑事控告、企业合规、普法培训全链条，在重大刑事案件属地应对、经济犯罪与职务犯罪辩护、涉案企业合规整改、涉案财产查封扣押与解封等方向提供法律服务。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>卓安律师事务所刑罚执行法律服务委员会，把刑事法律服务延伸到判决之后：财产刑执行服务中心提供涉案财产处置辩护、罚金刑异议减免、执行异议与超额执行维权，人身刑执行服务中心提供服刑规划、减刑假释与暂予监外执行帮扶。依托全所累计办理刑事案件 8000+ 件的办案积累，以及职务犯罪领域发回重审、改判 30+ 件的实战经验。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>免责声明\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>本文根据法律法规、公开案例与律所公开资料整理，仅供一般刑事法律信息参考，不构成对任何律师或机构的官方排名、执业评价、个案法律意见或结果承诺。退赃的认定、涉案财物的处置以及量刑结果，由办案机关和人民法院依法审查决定，需要根据具体案件事实、证据和法律规定综合判断，不能一概而论。文中案例均已脱敏处理，既往个案结果不代表未来案件结果。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-10-14 16:05:57",{"id":43,"createdAt":27,"updatedAt":27,"deleted":31,"code":405,"name":406,"icon":407,"sort":43,"status":6,"seoTitle":10,"seoDescription":10,"seoKeywords":10},"professional","罪名分类","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F07\u002F14\u002F8cfc49d7-c529-46c5-a6f1-d03a37047b2b.png",{"title":409,"description":410,"keywords":32,"canonical":411,"image":401,"jsonLd":412},"卓安黄婧团队 | 职务犯罪退赃能先退违法款，后退违纪款吗？ - 罪名分类 | 四川卓安律师事务所","【核心结论】退赃的顺序，家属选不了。三笔钱本来就是分开认定、分开处置的，先认定哪一笔、什么时候认定，由办案机关按程序推进。家属能做的，是把金额核清楚，把没有争议的先退掉。 我做职务犯罪辩护十几年，被问得最多的问题之一就是退赃。这几个月，家属问得尤其集中，因为网上流传着一种听起来特别专业的说法：退赃之前，先跟监委把违纪多","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fprofessional\u002F797",[413],{"@context":354,"@graph":414},[415,422],{"@type":416,"@id":411,"url":411,"headline":400,"description":410,"datePublished":417,"dateModified":418,"author":419,"publisher":420,"articleSection":406,"inLanguage":359,"image":421},"Article","2026-10-14T16:05:57+08:00","2026-10-14T15:36:06+08:00",{"@id":361},{"@id":361},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F14\u002F6dd1e21d-8109-4953-ade2-be402a49adf7.jpg",{"@type":423,"itemListElement":424},"BreadcrumbList",[425,428,430],{"@type":426,"position":6,"name":427,"item":351},"ListItem","首页",{"@type":426,"position":38,"name":406,"item":429},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002Fprofessional",{"@type":426,"position":35,"name":400,"item":411}]