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20:06:29",11,"孩子留学要交学费，找\"换汇的朋友\"换了笔钱，为什么这叫非法买卖外汇？","\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F25\u002F78e76d06-4d50-4c25-b12d-f58e30bdac3f.jpg","\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">结论先行：换汇这件事的定性，取决于你是\"买\"还是\"卖\"。在国家规定的交易场所以外非法买卖外汇、扰乱市场秩序、情节严重的，可能按非法经营罪追究——但作为经营行为的\"买卖\"，必须具有市场性和营利性。单纯的、为自己使用而买入，与以营利为目的的经营，在法律上是两回事。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>一、一个从\"方便\"开始的动作\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">先讲一个每年都在大量发生的场景。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">九月，孩子要出国读书。学费三万美元，生活费一万美元。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">家长去银行一问，被告知几件事：年度便利化额度有限制；跨境汇款要填用途、要材料的；到账要两三天，还有手续费和电报费。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">这时候，一个在生意场上认识的人说：\"我这边有美元，你直接转人民币给我，我让孩子那边的账户当天就到账，比银行快，汇率还划算一点。\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">家长算了一下：省事、快、还便宜一点。转了。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">这个动作，就是常见的\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>\"私下换汇\"\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">它的风险在哪里？关键不在于\"换了\"这个动作本身，而在于——\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>你是偶尔为自己换一次，还是在反复做这件事。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">而更重要的是另一层风险，很多人根本没想到：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>你换来的这笔钱，可能本身就是别人犯罪链条里的一环。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>二、背景与概念界定：这条路的法律结构\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2.1 规定是怎么写的\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">相关的法律依据，是《全国人大常委会关于惩治骗购外汇、逃汇和非法买卖外汇犯罪的决定》。其中规定：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">在国家规定的交易场所以外非法买卖外汇，扰乱市场秩序，情节严重的，依照刑法关于非法经营罪的规定定罪处罚。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">这里有三个关键词必须看清楚：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">关键词一：\"国家规定的交易场所以外\"。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">指的是银行等经批准的机构之外。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">关键词二：\"扰乱市场秩序，情节严重\"。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">这是一个程度要求。不是所有的违规行为都够得上刑事。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">关键词三：\"买卖\"。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">这一个词，是全部问题的核心，也是本文最想讲清楚的地方。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2.2 \"买卖\"到底是什么意思\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">刑法和相关司法解释，对\"买卖\"的具体含义没有作出明确解释。而这恰恰是辩护空间所在。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">在一起非法买卖外汇案中，承办律师提出了一个非常精准的三层论证：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第一层：非法买卖外汇中的\"买卖\"，必须是一种经营行为。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">也就是说，它是\"做生意\"，不是\"用一次\"。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第二层：作为经营行为的买卖，必须具有市场性和营利性。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">市场性，是指面向不特定的交易对象；营利性，是指以赚取差价为目的。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第三层：市场性和营利性决定了，这种行为只能是\"又买又卖\"或者\"卖\"。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">结论：单纯的\"买\"，缺少经营性和营利性，不应当被认定为非法经营罪。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">这三层论证，把\"留学换汇\"和\"地下钱庄\"清晰地分开了：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 地下钱庄\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">：面向不特定的人、长期做、赚差价 → 是经营行为；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 家长换学费\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">：一次性、为自己用、不赚差价 → 不是经营行为。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">这个区分，就是这类案件里最重要的那条线。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2.3 但是，还有一层更大的风险\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">讲完上面那条线，必须马上讲另一层风险——\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>它往往比\"非法买卖外汇\"本身严重得多。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">你换来的那笔钱，从哪来？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">如果你的交易对手是一个专门做这个的团伙，那么他手里的外汇，很可能是别的案件里流转出来的资金。这时候：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">你收到的那笔钱，可能被认定为犯罪所得；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">你提供账户接收，可能被评价为转移、掩饰；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· \u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">而你在整个链条里的位置，会由你自己说不清的部分决定。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">这就是\"私下换汇\"真正危险的地方：你以为你在做一件小事，实际上你把自己接到了一条你完全不了解的链条上。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2.4 三种情形，三种结果\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">把换汇这件事归纳一下：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ctable style=\"width: auto;\">\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">情形\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">特征\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">通常后果\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">---\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">---\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">---\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">偶尔一次、自用、无差价\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">一次性、为自己使用\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">通常不构成非法经营罪；但仍可能涉及行政违规\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">反复做、有差价、面向他人\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">经营行为\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">可能构成非法经营罪\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">资金来源于犯罪\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">不论次数\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd colSpan=\"1\" rowSpan=\"1\" width=\"206\">可能涉及洗钱或掩饰隐瞒犯罪所得\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 宋体;\"> \u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cstrong>注意最后一行：第三种情形与次数无关。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 这是很多人忽略的。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>三、判断标准：四条线\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3.1 第一条线：次数\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">做了一次，和做了三十次，是完全不同的两件事。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cstrong>次数是\"经营性\"最直观的证据。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 一旦形成频率，\"自用\"这个说法就很难站住。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3.2 第二条线：有没有差价\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">你换的时候，是\"帮个忙\"，还是\"赚了点汇率差\"？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">有没有营利，是区分使用和经营的关键。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3.3 第三条线：对象是谁\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">只跟一个熟人换过一次，和面向不特定的多人换——后者就是市场性。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3.4 第四条线：钱从哪来\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">这一条最重要，也最不受你控制。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">资金来源如果本身有问题，前面三条就都不重要了。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3.5 一个实操的判断法\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">给你一个很简单的自测：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">如果这件事被完整摊开在办案人员面前——聊天记录、转账记录、次数、金额、对象——你能不能用一句话说清楚\"我为什么这么做\"？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">答案是\"孩子要交学费，就这一次\"——这通常说得清楚。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">答案是\"我帮好几个人换过，赚点差价\"——这就说不清了。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">说不清楚的那个版本，就是风险。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>四、多案例拆解\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>案例一：许某案——\"买\"和\"卖\"之间，隔着一条罪名\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">在一起非法买卖外汇案中，许某因涉嫌非法买卖外汇被公安机关刑事拘留。承办律师在家属委托后，在侦查阶段为其提供法律帮助。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">律师做的第一件事，是研究这个罪名的构成要件。而研究的重心，落在了一个字上：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>\"买卖\"。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">律师指出：在我国刑法条文中，\"买卖\"两字的含义并不总是相同。有时它包含\"买\"\"卖\"和\"又买又卖\"，有时仅指\"卖\"或者\"又买又卖\"。而《全国人大常委会关于惩治骗购外汇、逃汇和非法买卖外汇犯罪的决定》第四条规定，在国家规定的交易场所以外非法买卖外汇、扰乱市场秩序、情节严重的，依照刑法第二百二十五条的规定定罪处罚。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">但是，刑法与相关司法解释对\"买卖\"的具体含义没有作出任何解释。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">承办律师据此提出，理解\"非法买卖外汇\"中的\"买卖\"，应当明确三点：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第一，非法买卖外汇犯罪中的\"买卖\"必须是一种经营行为；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第二，作为经营行为的非法买卖外汇必须具有市场性和营利性；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第三，市场性和营利性决定了，这种行为只能是\"又买又卖\"或者\"卖\"。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">同时，律师接受委托后立即查阅了相关法律法规，并立即安排会见，告知当事人在审查起诉阶段所享有的诉讼权利以及涉案罪名的法律规定。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">这个案子的方法论价值极高：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">它展示了刑法解释里最有用的一条原则——\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>当一个词的含义不明确时，应当作有利于被告人的、符合体系逻辑的理解。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">\"买卖\"不是一个生活用语，它在非法经营罪的语境里，指的是经营行为。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>把\"自用的一次买入\"从\"经营性的买卖\"里摘出来，这正是专业辩护要做的事。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">对每一个因为留学、就医、旅游而换过汇的普通人，这条论证都是最直接的参考。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>案例二：L某案——\"换汇生意\"如何把一个留学生拖进去\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">这是一个让人唏嘘的案子。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">当事人上海外国语大学毕业，又赴澳洲墨尔本大学深造——本是一手好牌。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cstrong>留学期间，他做起了澳元换汇生意。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 结果被人欺骗，欠下巨额债务。回国后，他走上歧路，涉嫌诈骗十五万余元。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">案发后，他的父母寒心，\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>不愿退赔被害人，一度想放弃——\"该判几年判几年\"。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">承办律师胡羽接手后，做了四个月的工作：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 对当事人\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">：多次会见，聊案件、聊法律、聊人生、聊亲情。看着他幡然悔悟，减肥健身，焕然一新。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 对办案机关\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">：从批捕起，多次与承办检察官沟通，聊案情、聊情节，直到协商做完认罪认罚具结，争取到缓刑的量刑意见。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 对家属\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">：从接受委托起，无数次与远在广东的父母沟通，直到一直执拗地想给儿子一个教训的父亲，最终愿意代为赔偿被害人，并取得了书面谅解；父子关系也因此修复。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">最终，法院判处\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>有期徒刑三年，缓刑四年\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">，罚金一万五千余元。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">这个案子对\"私下换汇\"的警示，是连锁式的：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 换汇生意是一个高风险的行当。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 你面对的是不特定的对象和来路不明的资金，而且你处在链条中最容易被牺牲的位置。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 被骗之后的选择，会决定下一步。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 欠债之后走上歧路，是把一个经济问题变成了刑事问题。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 家属的态度可以逆转。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 从\"该判几年判几年\"到愿意代为赔偿——这个转变，是结果能从实刑走到缓刑的关键之一。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">对正在考虑\"做点换汇生意\"的人，这个案子是最直接的反面教材。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>案例三：C某案——37天里，专业介入能改变什么\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">这个案子的罪名不同，但它展示的\"时间窗\"，对跨境资金类案件极有参考价值。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">C某平日里有买六合彩的习惯，在一款软件上结识了一位买卖六合彩的庄家，聊天后发现两人是同乡，便经常跟随对方购买，并被发展成下家。此后，C某利用自家苗圃顾客多的优势，为许多来游玩的老乡朋友介绍六合彩、分享经验，先后有数十人通过他支付资金用于下注。上家为各玩家下注\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>香港六合彩或澳门六合彩\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">，C某按点数分成并收取手续费。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">C某以开设赌场罪被刑事拘留。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">C某的家属在拘留期限即将届满之日才找到卓安律师事务所。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">陈曦雨律师、李颜曦律师介入后，做了几件事：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 及时多次赴外地会见\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">，了解案情，告知诉讼权利，介绍律师工作，普及法律知识，并对辩护要点和方案进行阐明；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 积极与侦查机关和检察院沟通\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">，表达法律意见，分析案件客观情况、证据疑点以及涉案情节。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">结果：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>检察院听取了律师的意见，作出不予批准逮捕的决定，变更羁押措施为取保候审。C某在被刑事拘留三十余日后，从看守所走出来，与家人团聚。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">随后，两位律师继续与检察机关沟通，并在所内组成阅卷组，通过阅卷分析、总结基本事实和争议焦点，继续推进。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">这个案子最值得记住的，是那个时间节点：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cstrong>家属是在\"拘留期限即将届满之日\"才找到律师的。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 而律师依然在剩下的时间里完成了会见、沟通、提交意见，并争取到了\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>不批捕\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">换句话说：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>即便只剩最后几天，专业介入依然有空间。但当然——越早越好。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cstrong>对跨境资金类案件，这个\"37天\"的意义更加突出：\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 强制措施的走向、涉案财产的处置、笔录的口径，都在这个窗口里基本定型。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>五、实操建议与风险提示\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>5.1 正规渠道怎么走\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第一，用银行的购汇和跨境汇款。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">每个人每年有等值一定额度的便利化购汇额度。学费、生活费属于常见的合规用途。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第二，直接汇往学校或者本人境外账户。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">收款人应当是学校，或者是学生本人在境外开立的账户。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>不要经过第三方账户。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第三，额度不够时，先问银行。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">留学项下的购汇，有相应的政策安排。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>先问，不要自己想办法。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第四，保留全部凭证。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">购汇凭证、汇款回单、学校的缴费通知、录取通知书——这些材料在将来能直接说明资金用途。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>5.2 已经做过的，怎么办\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第一步，把事实固定下来。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">聊天记录、转账凭证、当时的沟通内容——全部保留。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>不要删，删了就等于放弃了唯一的解释机会。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第二步，梳理次数和金额。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">一共做过几次？每次多少？有没有收过差价？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>这几个数字决定了你处在哪个位置。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第三步，判断资金来源。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">对方的钱从哪来？如果这一点你完全不知道，那么风险在升级——\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>这一步需要律师来判断。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第四步，停止。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">从现在起不再做。继续做的每一笔，都在增加次数和金额。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>5.3 五个必须避开的坑\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 不要通过\"朋友介绍的朋友\"换汇。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 链条越长，资金来源越不可控。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 不要帮别人\"带钱\"\"过账\"。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 哪怕只是一次，哪怕不收钱。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 不要因为\"费率更划算\"反复做。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 次数一多，性质就变了。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 不要在被问询时说\"我不记得了\"。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 说不清来源是最危险的状态。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>· 不要删除聊天记录。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 它是最能说明\"我只是自用\"的证据。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>5.4 一个提醒：额度不是障碍，方式才是风险\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">很多人的理由是\"额度不够\"。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">但实际情况是：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>留学、就医等项下的购汇，政策上有相应的安排。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 绝大多数\"额度不够\"的困境，都是因为\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cstrong>没有走正规渠道去问、去办\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">，而不是真的没有办法。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">为了图省事走的那条捷径，代价可能是几年的自由。这笔账，怎么算都不划算。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>六、总结\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">回到那位家长。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">他的想法很朴素：孩子要交学费，银行慢一点、麻烦一点，有人能快一点、便宜一点，为什么不行？\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">这个问题的答案分两层：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cstrong>第一层：偶尔一次、自用、不赚差价——这通常不构成非法经营罪。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> \"买卖\"在非法经营罪的语境里，指的是具有市场性和营利性的经营行为。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cstrong>第二层：但你不知道那笔钱从哪来。\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\"> 这才是最大的风险——你把自己接到了一条完全不了解的链条上。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"text-indent: 22pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: 宋体;\">记住三句话：\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第一，\"买\"和\"卖\"之间隔着一条罪名。自用的一次买入，与以营利为目的的经营，不是一回事。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第二，真正危险的不是换汇这个动作，是你不知道钱从哪来。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">第三，额度不够不是走捷径的理由。问银行，比问\"朋友的朋友\"安全一万倍。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">本文由卓安刑事法律风控与危机应对团队供稿，所引案例均已脱敏处理，不涉及对结果的承诺。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">附：卓安刑事风控\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">把跨境资金的边界划在事前\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">一个境外账户、一份境外保单、一次私下换汇、一笔\"帮忙走账\"——跨境资金的问题，往往不是在出事那天才出现的，而是在开户、投保、换汇的那一刻就已经埋下。卓安刑事风控委员会做的，是在这些动作发生之前，把边界说清楚、把痕迹留下来。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">一、卓安刑事风控委员会\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">卓安由成安博士于2013年发起设立，是全国首批专注刑事的专业律师事务所之一。卓安刑事风控委员会由成安博士发起设立，使命是\"为事业筑防线，为人生守平安\"。十余年间，委员会把刑事风控拆成四个动作——排查、培训、建制度、处置危机，并从人员、组织、行业与领域四个维度分层识别风险点，累计为全国企业高管授课500余场、服务各类企业1000余家、办结企业合规整改与合规不起诉30余件。承担这些服务的，是长期办理职务犯罪、经济犯罪案件的刑事律师，其中三分之一曾任职于公安、检察、法院。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">二、与本期主题直接相关的三个业务部\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">企事业风控部：从岗位与业务流程两个方向逐环节排查——跨境收付款、购汇付汇、账户的开立与使用，形成风险清单后逐条出具整改意见，已在上市公司、国有企业、金融机构、医药企业与科创企业等1000余家单位落地。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">刑事合规建设部：负责企业刑事合规体系的设计与落地，做合规制度起草与审查、合规风险评估、第三方尽职调查与迎评材料准备，业务重点落在涉案企业合规整改、IPO前刑事合规尽调、行刑衔接沟通与专项合规体系搭建；已办结的30余件合规整改与合规不起诉案件，在方案出具后都继续跟进落地。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">专项风控部：处理企业与个人面临的突发刑事危机，接到情况后先判断风险性质与所处阶段，再安排陈述口径与应对步骤，业务包括风险征兆识别、谈话与陈述准备、陪同接受询问的内部辅导与内部调查指导。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">三、积累与代表性项目\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">委员会服务的行业集中在医药、金融、建筑、科技四类，企业类型覆盖上市公司、国有企业、金融机构、医药企业与科创企业，同时办理涉案金额过亿的经济犯罪案件100余件。代表性项目包括：某全国连锁建筑工程集团招投标与商业贿赂合规体系，排查出风险点300多项，逐条出具整改方案并跟进落地；四川某头部制造企业虚开风险防控，企业完成税务合规重塑，未被刑事立案。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">四、核心成员\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">首席律师成安博士，执业近30年，委员会发起人，四川省涉案企业合规第三方监督评估机制专业人员，长期研究企业经营与履职中的刑事风险边界；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">主任何冰冰律师，前市级人民检察院员额检察官、反贪局侦查科科长，熟悉指控逻辑与证据形成过程；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">执行主任艾述洪律师，四川省首批刑事专业律师、高级律师，长期聚焦企业刑事合规与风险识别防范；\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">副主任魏军律师，原市中级人民法院刑二庭副庭长，曾借调最高人民法院参与刑事庭审规程起草。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">专业战队以事实和法律为依据开展辩护，不作结果承诺。\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: 楷体;\">遇刑案，找卓安　｜　咨询热线：4000-148-149\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-10-25 20:06:01",{"id":407,"createdAt":413,"updatedAt":413,"deleted":31,"code":414,"name":415,"icon":32,"sort":225,"status":6,"seoTitle":32,"seoDescription":32,"seoKeywords":32},"2026-10-21 17:06:00","CA","成安博士专栏",{"title":417,"description":418,"keywords":32,"canonical":419,"image":409,"jsonLd":420},"孩子留学要交学费，找\"换汇的朋友\"换了笔钱，为什么这叫非法买卖外汇？ - 成安博士专栏 | 四川卓安律师事务所","结论先行：换汇这件事的定性，取决于你是\"买\"还是\"卖\"。在国家规定的交易场所以外非法买卖外汇、扰乱市场秩序、情节严重的，可能按非法经营罪追究——但作为经营行为的\"买卖\"，必须具有市场性和营利性。单纯的、为自己使用而买入，与以营利为目的的经营，在法律上是两回事。 一、一个从\"方便\"开始的动作 先讲一个每年都在大量发生的场","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002FCA\u002F1039",[421],{"@context":361,"@graph":422},[423,430],{"@type":424,"@id":419,"url":419,"headline":408,"description":418,"datePublished":425,"dateModified":426,"author":427,"publisher":428,"articleSection":415,"inLanguage":366,"image":429},"Article","2026-10-25T20:06:01+08:00","2026-10-25T20:06:29+08:00",{"@id":368},{"@id":368},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F10\u002F25\u002F78e76d06-4d50-4c25-b12d-f58e30bdac3f.jpg",{"@type":431,"itemListElement":432},"BreadcrumbList",[433,436,438],{"@type":434,"position":6,"name":435,"item":358},"ListItem","首页",{"@type":434,"position":38,"name":415,"item":437},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhuoanlaw.com\u002Fnews\u002FCA",{"@type":434,"position":35,"name":408,"item":419}]